Postby Russell Roberts » December 27th, 2009, 2:54 am
Beckrl,
Let me explain it this way. And this is hugely important in understanding Paul's point. The O.T. predicted a time of judgment that would come upon Israel. They also predicted that a remnant would be preserved (the grapes of Isaiah come to mind but it is also found elsewhere) But coming out the other side of judgment would be the renewal of the covenant.
In Romans 10, Paul exegetes Deuteronomy 30 12-14 as being fulfilled through the proclamation of the gospel. This covenant renewal has taken place right under the noses of Israel and the Gentiles have now been grafted into the covenant. Those who hear the gospel and respond in faith are members of the renewed covenant.
For those who had previously been under the curse of Torah (ethnic Jews like Paul) when they heard the gospel and believed, the covenant was renewed. Gentiles, on the other hand, who heard and believed the gospel are grafted into this 'renewed covenant' from nowhere (they had previously been alienated from the commonwealth of Israel as Paul explains elsewhere).
Deuteronomy 30, Jeremiah 31, and Ezekiel 37 specifically speak of this covenant renewal. But it must be understood that in Romans 11 when Paul speaks of 'all Israel' he does not envision a mass conversion of ethnic Jews at the end of time. He means ALL ISRAEL (the Jewish remnant plus believing Gentiles).
The remnant would include every Jew that believed the gospel from that day to this.